Journal of SARS-CoV-2 Research

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG ADULTS IN THE AGE GROUP OF 18 TO 60 YEARS RESIDING IN THE FARASAN REGION, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Santhi Muttipoll Dharmarajlu — 2022-06-06

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health of various affected populations. It is known that the prevalence of epidemics accentuates or creates new stressors, including fear and worry for oneself or loved ones, constraints on physical movement and social activities due to quarantine, and sudden and radical lifestyle changes.

Material and methods. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social support among adults in the age group of 18 to 60 years residing in the Farasan community, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through a quantitative survey approach and descriptive design, the 48 adults were selected by the non-probability purposive sampling method. Initially, personal information was obtained. The self-administered questionnaire on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used, which was validated in Arabic to determine the extent of psychological impact after exposure to a public health crisis. The modified rating scale was used to assess the negative mental health impact; and impacts on social and family support, need-based Education about COVID-19, and its coping mechanism through pamphlets.

Results. The results of the study were presented as the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 pandemic by "Impact of Event" total score (mean±SD), which was 36.4±17.31, "Intrusion" domain was 12.83±6.192, "Avoidance" domain was 13.19±6.81, while "Hyperarousal" domain was 10.38 ± 4.31. Also, 6 (12.5%) of the sample suffered a severe impact, 10 (20.8%) were moderately affected, and 12 (25%) were mildly affected. The younger people (18-30 years old), females, and university-educated people reported a higher psychological impact than older males or people with post-graduate degrees. Persons working in the medical field reported a lower psychological impact than others. Also, people who live in urban areas or have chronic diseases had higher psychological impact scores.

Conclusion. Age and rural residency were negative predictors of the "Impact of Event" scores. At the same time, the female gender or the presence of chronic conditions was a positive predictor for the high "Impact of Event" score. Positive impacts had and family and social support.

SECONDARY INFECTIONS IN THE FAMILY FROM PRIMARY CASES OF COVID-19 BREAKTHROUGH INFECTIONS IN FULLY VACCINATED OR NOT FULLY VACCINATED PEOPLE. TWO DOSES MODESTLY REDUCE FAMILY TRANSMISSION BUT DOES NOT ELIMINATE IT

Jose Luis Turabian — 2022-03-20

Background It is unclear whether vaccination of individuals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protects members of their households.

Objective Epidemiological evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility from fully and incompletely vaccinated index cases with COVID-19 breakthrough infection to initially uninfected family members (secondary attack rate)

Methodology An observational, longitudinal, and prospective study of all families with a primary case of COVID-19 breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated or not fully vaccinated people and at least one COVID-19 secondary case in family members was conducted from February to November 2021 in a general medicine office in Toledo, Spain. Clinical and epidemiological variables were compared between secondary cases of primary cases of COVID-19 breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated people versus secondary cases of primary cases of COVID-19 breakthrough infection in not fully vaccinated people.

Results Twenty-five index cases (25 families; 84 people) were included, 13 fully vaccinated, which gave rise to 20 secondary cases, and 12 not fully vaccinated, which gave rise to 21 secondary cases. The secondary attack rate of exposed family members to fully vaccinated primary cases were 61% (20/33), and the secondary attack rate of exposed family members to not fully vaccinated primaries was 81% (21/33).

Conclusions In the context of general medicine in Toledo (Spain), from February to November 2021 (before omicron), two doses of COVID-19 vaccine vs. only one modestly reduce family transmission but do not eliminate it.

RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH COVID 19 IN NORTHEAST MEXICO

Oscar Manuel Berlanga Bolado — 2022-01-24

Introduction

The pandemic, in terms of incidence, mortality and speed of expansion, is heterogeneous, even between regions of the same country, finding differences in its clinical presentation, severity and lethality; For this reason, the research aims to: know the risk factors associated with mortality in adult patients with COVID 19.

Material and methods

Retrospective cohort study included hospitalized patients, older than 18 years, diagnosed with Covid-19 through RT-PCR test. Data collected from the electronic file and analyzed to detect differences between survivors and non-survivors, using Student's t-test and Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The relative risk was calculated with a 95% Confidence Interval (with statistical significance p <0.05.

Results

247 patients were studied. With a lethality of 50.20%. Arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity. The oxygen supply with an invasive device was associated with a high risk of death. Tracheostomy is a high factor (p <0.001). With a statistical difference in favor of the early one. The mask and the nasal tips showed a protective effect (p <0.05). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea, fever and cough without statistical difference. SatO2 at admission did show significance between both groups.

Conclusion

There is a difference between the risk factors in both groups. A peripheral SatO2 of <90% at admission and the determination of PNC and D-DIME warrant close monitoring to avoid severe complications.