COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURE OF DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Abstract
Age and heredity, cardiovascular disease, especially arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the development and structure of cognitive impairment in patients with controlled stage II arterial hypertension using a battery of neuropsychological tests. The main group of the study consisted of 157 patients with hypertension and CI, mean age of the group was 52.3±0.68 years. After research using a battery of neuropsychological tests, data were obtained on the presence of cognitive disorders in 32.22 % of cases. According to the MoCA test in patients with hypertension there was a decrease in scores on all subscales compared to healthy, but the largest deviations (over 20% of the maximum score) were observed in the ability to serial subtraction (35.0 %), delayed reproduction (27,0 %), abstraction (by 24.0 %), in visual-constructive / executive skills (by 21.0 %). All patients with hypertension with detected CI were violations of the concentration of the excitatory process in the visual and motor analyzers. Thus, only 2 patients (1.3 %) performed tasks without errors in 5 sectors (normal), up to 4 sectors coped with counting 28 (17.8 %) patients, up to 3 sectors - 65 (41.4 %), up to 2 sector - 56 (35.7%), another 6 (3.8%) patients aged 55 to 65 years could not complete the task without errors - by method F.E. Rybakov.The level of attention and speed of sensor motor reactions was carried out according to the method of "Schulte Tables". Patients were characterized by rapid fatigue, uneven performance of the task, refusal to perform further due to fatigue and inability to concentrate. The average time of the task in patients of the main group throughout the study exceeded the data of patients in the comparison group by 1.3-1.6 times), and almost healthy individuals - 1.4-1.7 times.Patients with hypertension have disorders at different levels of higher brain functions and correspond to all areas of human cognitive activity, but the most affected are neurodynamic processes (the ability to concentrate, the speed of psychomotor reactions) and verbal memory, which affect efficiency and success in work, and this is important for medical rehabilitation and maintaining the mental health of patients.
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